Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab cov thermal ncoo ntawm lub substrate yog sib cais, thiab lub hauv paus thermal ntawm thermal Cheebtsam ncaj qha mus cuag lub tshav kub-ua nruab nrab kom ua tau zoo thermal conductive (zero thermal resistance) nyhuv.Cov khoom ntawm lub substrate feem ntau yog hlau (Copper) substrate.